Newcastle grew from its humble beginnings as a penal colony to become one of the largest coal ports in the world, shipping vast amounts of the black stuff from the productive Hunter Valley fields. Major steel production followed, until its rapid decline in the late 20th century. To add insult to injury, in 1989 the city suffered Australia’s worst earthquake in modern times. Despite this, the city still boasts some very fine and gracious historical buildings, including the 1892 Christ Church Cathedral, the 1890 Courthouse and several classics on and around Hunter and Watt streets such as the post office (1903), railway station (1878) and Customs House (1877).
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