Pamplona, set in a green valley and surrounded by mountains, is a more than worthwhile stopover between Bucaramanga and Cúcuta. It was founded in 1549 by Pedro de Orsúa and Ortún Velasco. During the colonial era it was as important as Bogotá. The independence movement was started here in 1810 by Agueda Gallardo. It became important as a mining town but is now better known for its university – students make up almost 40% of the population. While an 1875 earthquake destroyed large sections of the town it still manages to retain a certain colonial atmosphere. At 2200 m, it can get cold, especially at night when a jumper or even a coat is required.
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