Background
In ancient times, known together with Cres as Apsyrtides, Lošinj seems to have remained unpopulated until the Middle Ages. The first settlers from the mainland were mentioned in 1280, and in 1389 they made an agreement for self-rule with the people of Osor on Cres, who owned Lošinj. The name Lošinj, probably derived from the Croatian loš meaning poor or weak, appeared around the same time. Under Venice (1409-1797), Lošinj was neglected in favour of neighbouring Cres, the island’s golden age finally dawning under the Hapsburgs when it developed into an important seafaring and shipbuilding centre. Shipping declined in the late 19th century, only to be superseded by tourism. With their mild Mediterranean climates, lush vegetation and crystal clean sea, both Mali Lošinj and Veli Lošinj were proclaimed health resorts in 1892. The demise of Austro-Hungary in 1918 saw the island awarded to Italy. During and after the Second World War, when the political future looked uncertain, many Italians left: the population declined dramatically, plummeting from 9738 in 1910 to 5449 just after the war. Lošinj was reunited with Yugoslavia in 1947.